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Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex includes
three major skin lesions: plaques, granulomas, and ulcers. They are
grouped together based on clinical similarities, frequent concurrent
development and their positive response to treatment with
corticosteroids. Although they look different they may all result from
the same cause and one cat may have lesions from each group. Lesions
frequently develop as hypersensitivity reactions (allergies) to
insects, food or environmental allergens. Some cats have a genetic
predisposition to forming these lesions.
Eosinophilic Granuloma
These can be single or grouped,
nodular, linear or ulcerated. They can be found anywhere on the body.
Nodular lesions may be found on the tongue and throughout the oral
cavity. Linear lesions are commonly found on the inside of the
forelegs and the back of the thigh. A distinct form is associated with
the chin and lower lip (a pouting or button chin). This form of the
complex usually does not itch and may spontaneously regress.
Eosinophilic Plaque
These are raised, red, plaques that
itch. They often occur on the abdomen and flanks, but footpads may
also be involved. Constant licking, chewing, and scratching at the
lesions may be noted and peripheral lymph nodes are often enlarged.
These are usually associated with allergies in middle aged cats.
Indolent (rodent) Ulcer
These ulcers are most commonly seen on
the upper lip next to the canine tooth.
They are glistening, reddish-brown, well-circumscribed with raised
borders. No pain or itching is associated with the lesions. Evidence
suggests these are related to an allergic response to fleas and other
allergens. A genetic basis is suspected. This lesion is unique to cats
and is likely related to licking with their very rough tongues.
Follow-up is important as these lesions may progress to squamous cell
carcinomas.
Diseases with similar presentations include several types of cancer,
some viral, fungal and bacterial infections, flea bite
hypersensitivity, food allergy, inhalant allergies and psychogenic
dermatitis. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, cytology
and/or biopsy and histopathology of the lesion(s). Blood tests and
allergy testing may be needed to identify the cause of the condition.
Treatment is often multifactoral depending on the form of the syndrome
and involves a combination of eliminating the underlying allergy and
symptomatic treatment to control inflammation. Treatment should be
continued until lesions are in remission.
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